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Health Library A to Z

D

  • Baby's Care in the Delivery Room
    • A newborn baby is wet from the amniotic fluid and can easily become cold. Drying the baby and using warm blankets and heat lamps can help prevent heat loss. Often a knitted hat is placed on the baby's head.

  • Cystic Fibrosis and the Digestive System
    • In the digestive system, cystic fibrosis (CF) mainly affects the pancreas. A child with CF has trouble absorbing fats, as well as some proteins and vitamins.

  • Delayed Puberty
    • Puberty that happens late is called delayed puberty. This means a child's physical signs of sexual maturity don’t appear by age 12 in girls or age 14 in boys. This includes breast or testicle growth, pubic hair, and voice changes. These are known as secondary sexual characteristics.

  • Dental Emergencies
    • One type of dental emergency is a knocked-out tooth. If it's a permanent tooth, rinse it and place it back in the socket. Then immediately take your child to the dentist.

  • Dental Health Overview
    • Generally, dental examinations and cleanings are recommended every six months for children. Encourage good oral hygiene at home by helping your child brush his or her own teeth.

  • Dental Procedures for Children
    • Detailed information on the most common dental procedures, including braces, bleaching, bridges, dentures, dental implants, fillings, root canal, sealants, and wisdom teeth extraction

  • Dental Restorations (Fillings)
    • Teeth that have tooth decay must be repaired. Advances in dental materials and techniques provide new, effective ways to restore teeth.

  • Dermatitis in Children
    • Detailed information on dermatitis, including the different types of dermatitis such as atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, generalized exfoliative dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, localized scratch dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and stasis dermatitis

  • Dermoid Cyst in Children
    • A dermoid cyst is a collection of tissue under the skin. It may contain hair follicles, oil, and sweat glands.

  • Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Children
    • In a normal hip joint, the top (head) of the thighbone (femur) fits snugly into the hip socket. In a child with DDH, the hip socket is shallow. As a result, the head of the femur may slip in and out.

  • Diabetes Index
    • Detailed information on diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, teens and diabetes, and diet and diabetes

  • Diabetes Insipidus in Children
    • Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by not enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. ADH is also known as vasopressin. This is a hormone that helps the kidneys keep the correct amount of water in the body. The condition is also called “water diabetes.”

  • Dialysis
    • Detailed information on dialysis, including peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

  • Diaper Dermatitis in Children
    • Diaper dermatitis is inflammation of the skin in the diaper area. It’s a very common condition in babies and toddlers.

  • Diapers and Diaper Rash
    • A core part of every baby's care is diapering. Read on for helpful information on changing diapers, preventing and treating diaper rash, and the pros and cons of cloth and disposable diapers.

  • Diaphragmatic Hernia in Children
    • A diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect. It happens in a baby during pregnancy. In this condition, there’s an opening in your baby’s diaphragm. This is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

  • Diet and Diabetes
    • It's important to learn about proper meal-planning when your child has diabetes. The type and amount of food your child eats affects their blood sugar levels.

  • Digestive Disorders
    • Detailed information on the most common digestive disorders in high-risk newborns

  • Diphtheria in Children
    • A detailed look at diphtheria, including symptoms, treatment, and a vaccination schedule.

  • Discipline
    • Detailed information on disciplining a child, including information on time-out, temper tantrum, lying, stealing, and television and children

  • Discussing Death with Children
    • The ultimate goal in discussing death with a dying child is to optimize his or her comfort and alleviate any fears. If the child is not ready to discuss death, the most helpful step parents can take is to wait until he or she is ready.

  • Dislocations in Children
    • A dislocation is a joint injury. It occurs when the ends of 2 connected bones come apart. Dislocations happen more often among teens. 

  • Disorders Affecting Calcium Metabolism
    • Detailed information on disorders affecting calcium metabolism, including juvenile osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, and DiGeorge syndrome

  • Disorders Affecting the Adrenal Glands
    • Detailed information on disorders affecting the adrenal glands, including underactive adrenal glands (Addison's disease), overactive adrenal glands (Cushing's syndrome), and pheochromocytoma

  • Disorders Affecting the Thyroid
    • Detailed information on disorders affecting the thyroid gland, including hyperthyroidism (Graves disease) and hypothyroidism

  • Disorders of Sex Development
    • When a child's gender is in question at birth, the child has atypical genitalia (ambiguous genitalia). This means that the genitals don't seem to be clearly male or female.

  • Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) in Children
    • Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that includes certain birth defects, learning problems, and facial features. Read on to learn more details about this disorder.

  • Dysphagia in Children
    • Dysphagia means trouble swallowing. This condition happens when food or liquids can’t pass easily from your child’s mouth, into the throat, down the esophagus, and into the stomach when swallowing.

  • Flat Head Syndrome (Deformational Plagiocephaly)
    • Flat head syndrome (deformational plagiocephaly) is when a baby's head develops a lasting flat spot. The flat spot may be either on one side of the head or on the back of the head. This happens when a baby sleeps in the same position most of the time or because of problems with the neck muscles.

  • Gastrointestinal Problems
    • If your baby seems fussy and you've fed and changed him, he may have an upset stomach or colic. But don't worry, there are lots of things you can do to make your little one more comfortable and keep both of you calm.

  • General Principles of Discipline
    • Most children need to be given consistent, clear rules and expectations about behavior. Discipline needs to begin as soon as the child is mobile—pulling up and crawling.

  • Juvenile Dermatomyositis
    • Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare disease that causes muscle inflammation and a skin rash.

  • Medicine Rashes in Children
    • Medicine rashes are the body’s reaction to a certain medicine. The type of rash that occurs depends on the type of medicine that is causing it. Rashes can range from mild to severe.

  • The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds
    • Your child is a toddler now and very active! They can climb stairs while holding on and play with push and pull toys.

  • The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds
    • Read on to learn details about common physical, speech, and other developmental milestones your child may reach at this age.

  • The Growing Child: 3-Year-Olds
    • Most 3-year-olds have lost the rounded tummy of a toddler. Your child can use a spoon well and can wash and dry his or her hands.

  • The Growing Child: Newborn
    • A helpful look at what to expect with your newborn—from your baby's growth and reflexes to crying and emotional development.

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