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Health Library A to Z

G

  • Breastfeeding: Getting Started
  • The first weeks of breastfeeding should be considered a learning period for both you and your baby. Here's what you need to know.

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
  • Gastroesophageal reflux is a digestive disorder. With this condition, acidic stomach juices, food, and fluids flow back up into your child’s esophagus. Read on to learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment.

  • Genetic Disorders Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
  • Detailed information on congenital heart disease, including patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular canal, tricuspid atresia, pulmonary atresia, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, truncus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome

  • Germ Cell Tumors (GCTs) in Children
  • Germ cells form as a baby grows in the womb. The cells usually form the eggs (ova) in females and the sperm in males. Germ cell tumors are made up of these underdeveloped cells. The tumors may be cancer (malignant) or not cancer (benign).

  • Glasses Can Help Even Young Children
  • Healthcare providers who specialize in children's eye care say children usually become nearsighted or farsighted between ages 6 and 12. But even infants can wear glasses if they need help to see well.

  • Graves Disease in a Newborn (Neonatal Graves Disease)
  • Graves disease is an autoimmune disease. The immune system normally protects the body from germs with chemicals called antibodies. But with an autoimmune disease, it makes antibodies that attack the body’s own tissues. With Graves disease, antibodies cause the thyroid gland to make too much thyroid hormone. This is known as hyperthyroidism. Extra thyroid hormone in the bloodstream leads to the body's metabolism being too active.

  • Grief and Bereavement
  • The process of grieving is often long and painful for parents, siblings, relatives, friends, peers, teachers, neighbors, and anyone that understands the loss of a child.

  • Group B Streptococcus Infection in Babies
  • Group B streptococcus (strep) is a type of bacteria. It can be found in the digestive tract, urinary tract, and genital area of adults. About 1 in 4 pregnant women carry GBS in their rectum or vagina. During pregnancy, the mother can pass the infection to the baby. The fetus can get GBS during pregnancy. Newborns can get it from the mother's genital tract during delivery.

  • Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
  • Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is when the pituitary gland doesn't make enough growth hormone. GH is needed to stimulate growth of bone and other tissues. This condition can occur at any age. GH deficiency does not affect a child's intelligence.

  • Growth in Children
  • Detailed information on growth in children, including normal growth, newborn screening tests, growth problems, growth hormone deficiency, and achondroplasia

  • Growth Problems in Children
  • A growth problem means that a child falls either below or above the average range of growth for a child's age, sex, family history, or racial background.

  • Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a short-term but often life-threatening disorder that affects the nerves in the body. GBS can cause muscle weakness, pain, and short-term (temporary) paralysis of the facial, chest, and leg muscles.

  • Hemifacial Microsomia (HFM) in Children
  • Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital disorder. This means that your child is born with it. In this condition, one side of your baby’s face is underdeveloped (hemi means half). HFM usually only affects one side of the face. Sometimes both sides may be affected.

  • How to Bathe Your Baby
  • As a new parent, you may find "tub time" a bit scary. Here are some suggestions on how to make it less stressful.

  • Newborn Babies: Getting Ready at Home
  • Newborns need just some basic items at first. These include a warm and safe place to sleep, food, clothing, and diapers. Here's a helpful guide to the essentials.

  • Normal Growth
  • A child's growth not only involves the length and weight of his or her body, but also internal growth and development.

  • Planning to Be Away from Your Baby: Introducing a Bottle
  • You’ve been breastfeeding your baby up until now—but it’s time to return to work. You haven’t given them a bottle with breast milk yet. When should you make the change? Here are tips to make a successful transition from breast to bottle.

  • Preparing the Infant for Surgery
  • It's important to keep your baby's routine the same before the day of surgery. Make sure you, your baby, and your family are well rested.

  • Rubella in Children
  • Rubella is a viral illness that causes a mild fever and a skin rash. It is also called German measles, but is not caused by the same virus that causes measles (rubeola).

  • The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds
  • Your child is a toddler now and very active! They can climb stairs while holding on and play with push and pull toys.

  • The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds
  • Read on to learn details about common physical, speech, and other developmental milestones your child may reach at this age.

  • The Growing Child: 3-Year-Olds
  • Most 3-year-olds have lost the rounded tummy of a toddler. Your child can use a spoon well and can wash and dry their hands.

  • The Growing Child: Newborn
  • A helpful look at what to expect with your newborn—from your baby's growth and reflexes to crying and emotional development.