Health Library A to Z

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• Cuts and Wounds of the Nose
Most minor nose wounds can be handled at home, but a wound or bruise that also involves one or both eyes needs immediate medical attention.

• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Newborns
CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a herpes virus. It is very common. It affects people of all ages and in all parts of the U.S. In most cases CMV causes mild symptoms, or no symptoms at all. But it can cause serious problems in an unborn baby or newborn.

• Equipment That Is Used in the NICU
NICUs are equipped with complex machines and devices to monitor nearly every system of a baby's body - temperature, heart rate, breathing, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and blood pressure.

• Eye Medicine and Vitamin K Injection for Newborns
Newborn babies routinely receive eye medicine and vitamin K injections soon after birth. Both prevent serious conditions.

• Fever in A Newborn
The system that controls body temperature is not well developed in a newborn. Here's what you need to know about fever and your baby.

• Gastrointestinal Problems
If your baby seems fussy and you've fed and changed him, he may have an upset stomach or colic. But don't worry, there are lots of things you can do to make your little one more comfortable and keep both of you calm.

• Hearing Screening Tests for Newborns
Today nearly all newborns are screened for hearing loss. Here's a look at why, and the types of screening tests that are done.

• Keeping Your Baby Warm
Premature and low birthweight babies may be too immature to regulate their own temperature, even in a warm environment. Even full-term and healthy newborns may not be able to maintain their body temperature if the environment is too cold.

• N95 Face Masks Can Be Sterilized and Re-Used, Studies Show

• Narcissists Are Blind to Their Own Mistakes

• Narcolepsy Drug Doesn't Raise Odds for Birth Defects: Study

• Nasal Swab Could Help Gauge Smokers' Odds for Lung Cancer

• Natal Teeth
Natal teeth are teeth that are present when a baby is born. The teeth are often not fully developed and may have a weak root.

• National Project Will Delve Into How Dogs Age

• Navy Ship Outbreak Shows Most Young Aren't Spared COVID Symptoms

• NBA Players to Assess New Coronavirus Test

• Nearly a Third of Young Black Americans Have High Blood Pressure

• Nearly Half of Coronavirus Infections May Be Asymptomatic

• Neck Masses
Detailed information on the different types of neck masses in children

• Necklace Spots A-Fib in Just Over 30 Seconds

• Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the Newborn
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious illness in newborns. It happens when tissue in the large intestine (colon) gets inflamed. This inflammation damages and sometimes kills the tissue in your baby’s colon.

• Need Better Sleep? Get a Partner

• Needle Exchange Programs Guard Against HIV

• Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is what happens when babies are exposed to drugs in the womb before birth. Babies can then go through drug withdrawal after birth.

• Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
Nephrotic syndrome is a problem where too much protein called albumin is released from the body into the urine. It means that one or both kidneys are damaged.

• Nerve Stimulation Therapy Could Cut Fibromyalgia Pain

• Nervous About Returning to Work? Take Precautions Against Coronavirus

• Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor. It grows in nerve tissue of babies and young children. The cancer cells grow in young nerve cells of a baby growing in the womb. These cells are called neuroblasts. It’s is the most common cancer in babies under age 1. It’s rare in children older than age 10.

• Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children
Neurocutaneous syndromes are disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, organs, skin, and bones. The diseases are lifelong conditions that can cause tumors to grow in these areas. They can also cause other problems such as hearing loss, seizures, and developmental problems.

• Neurogenic Bladder in Children
Neurogenic bladder means the bladder doesn't work normally because of nerve damage. It causes a child to have problems with holding or releasing urine.

• Neurological Conditions and Pregnancy
Detailed information on neurologic conditions in pregnancy

• Neurological Disorders in the Newborn
Detailed information on the most common neurological disorders in the newborn

• Neurological Exam for Children
Is it time for your baby to have a full physical exam? Your pediatrician might want to conduct a “neuro exam.” Don’t worry, this series of tests designed to evaluate your child’s nervous system is painless. Here’s what it entails.

• Neuromuscular Disorders
Detailed information on the most common neuromuscular disorders in children

• New Approach Allows Safe Transplant of Kidneys Tainted by Hepatitis C

• New Blood Test May Improve Liver Cancer Screening

• New China Report Sets COVID-19 Death Rate at 1.4%

• New Clues Show How Stress May Turn Your Hair Gray

• New Coronavirus Strain More Contagious, Scientists Say

• New COVID-19 Tracking App May Find 'Hotspots' Across America

• New Database Shows 'Rare' Diseases Are Not So Rare Worldwide

• New Drug Helps Shrink Inoperable Tumors in Kids

• New Drug May Beat Older One at Preventing MS Relapse

• New Drug on the Horizon for Flu's Ills?

• New Finding Challenges Old Notions About Dyslexia

• New Gene Study Unravels Cancer's Secrets

• New Guidelines Say No to Probiotics for Digestive Woes

• New Heart Attack Treatment Shows Promise in Pig Study

• New Leash on Life: How Dog-Walking Is Helping Veterans Battered by PTSD

• New Moms Need to Watch Out for High Blood Pressure

• New Polio Vaccine Promising in Early Test

• New Role for Modern Family's Julie Bowen: Flu Fighter

• New Study Reports Alarming Surge in E-Scooter Accidents

• New Study Sheds Doubt on Notion Kids Aren't COVID-19 Spreaders

• New Tool Predicts Odds of Kidney Disease

• New Treatment Offers Hope for Kids With Deadly Nerve Cancer

• New U.S. Coronavirus Cases Hit Another High

• New Weapon in Fight Against Multidrug-Resistant TB

• New Weight-Loss Program Shows Promise Among Low-Income Americans

• New Year's Resolutions Didn't Stick? Try a Monday Reset

• Newbies More Apt to Have Bad Reaction to Marijuana: Study

• Newborn Complications
Detailed information on the most common types of newborn complications

• Newborn Health Assessment
Detailed information on newborn health assessments

• Newborn May Have Contracted Coronavirus in the Womb: Report

• Newborn Measurements
Your newborn will be weighed in the hospital and at all check-ups. In most cases, metric units are used to record babies' weight. This chart will help you convert the metric unit grams (g) to pounds (lb) and ounces (oz).

• Newborn Multiples
Because many multiples are small and born early, they may be initially cared for in a special care nursery called the neonatal intensive care unit.

• Newborn Screening Tests
A national program exists to screen all newborns for certain disorders within the first few days of life.

• Newborns With COVID-19 May Suffer Only Mild Symptoms, Study Says

• Newer Gene Sequencing Might Help Track Spread of Latest Coronavirus in China

• Nightmares and Night Terrors
A night terror is a partial waking from sleep with behaviors such as screaming, kicking, panic, sleep walking, thrashing, or mumbling.

• NIH Launches $500 Million Contest to Produce Best COVID-19 Test

• No Evidence Marijuana Raises Stroke Risk

• No Good Evidence on Accuracy of Coronavirus Antibody Tests: Study

• No 'Last Goodbye' for Cello: 5-Hour Surgery Saved Dog's Life

• No Link Found Between Blood Pressure Meds and Cancer: Study

• Noninfectious Skin Conditions
Detailed information on non-infectious skin conditions, including dermatitis, acne, drug rashes, poison ivy/poison oak, and toxic epidermal necrolysis

• Nontraditional Inheritance
Detailed information on nontraditional inheritance, including uniparental disomy and Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome, trinucleotide repeats and Fragile-X Syndrome, and mitochondrial inheritance and Leber's Optic Atrophy

• Normal Growth
A child's growth not only involves the length and weight of his or her body, but also internal growth and development.

• Normal Newborn Behaviors and Activities
Detailed information on normal newborn behaviors and activities

• Nose and Throat Disorders
Detailed information on nose and throat disorders in children

• Nosebleed (Epistaxis) in Children
A nosebleed is bleeding from tissues inside the nose (nasal mucus membranes) caused by a broken blood vessel. Most nosebleeds in children occur in the front part of the nose close to the nostrils.

• Not All Heart Failure Patients Get Same Level of Care, Study Finds

• Not All Nature Is Created Equal

• Not Getting Enough Shut-Eye? You Have Plenty of Company

• Not So Sudden: Many Seek Medical Help 2 Weeks Before Cardiac Arrest

• Number of Americans Headed to ER for Suicidal Thoughts, Self-Harm Keeps Rising

• Numbers of Non-COVID-19 Deaths Up During Pandemic

• Numerical Abnormalities: Overview of Trisomies and Monosomies
Information on numerical abnormalities, including an overview on trisomies and monosomies

• Nursemaid’s Elbow in Children
Nursemaid's elbow is a type of elbow injury. It's when a forearm bone (radius) slips out of place from where it normally attaches to the elbow joint.

• Nursing Homes a Hotspot for COVID-19 Deaths

• Nutrition and Burns
A child who has been burned needs additional calories and protein to help him or her heal and grow.

• Nutrition and Nephrotic Syndrome
Here is information on nutrition and diet for children with nephrotic syndrome.

• Nutrition and Renal Failure
Detailed information on nutrition and renal failure in children

• Nutrition Index
Detailed nutrition information for mothers who are breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, and toddlers, preschool-aged children, school-aged children, and adolescents

• Nutritional Requirements for a Child With Cancer
Good nutrition is vital for children being treated for cancer, yet these young patients often have poor appetites.

• NYC Shoppers Prefer Stores That Enforce Social Distancing, Study Finds

• Overview of Diagnostic Tests for Nervous System Disorders in Children
Evaluating and diagnosing damage to the nervous system can be complicated. Many of the same symptoms occur in different combinations among the different disorders, and many disorders do not have definitive causes, markers, or tests.

• Parenting in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
In most cases, you can be with your baby in the NICU at any time. The staff of the NICU will give you instructions on special hand-washing techniques before entering the area.

• Physical Exam of the Newborn
A complete physical exam is an important part of newborn care. Each body system is carefully checked for signs of health and normal function.

• Preparing the Family
Most families soon find ways to adjust to the changes that take place after a baby is born. But it is helpful to prepare some family members for what is ahead.

• Sodium and Fluid Restriction for Children with Kidney Failure
Your child may need to follow a low-sodium diet or limit salt to help prevent or reduce the amount of fluid they retain.

• Tests for a Newborn Baby in Intensive Care
Babies in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) undergo regular testing so they get the important care they need. Here are several common lab tests. Ask your baby's healthcare provider about them.

• Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in the Newborn
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding is a problem that occurs in some newborns. It happens during the first few days of life. This condition used to be called hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.