Health Library A to Z

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• Cuts and Wounds of the Nose
Most minor nose wounds can be handled at home, but a wound or bruise that also involves one or both eyes needs immediate medical attention.

• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Newborns
CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a herpes virus. It is very common. It affects people of all ages and in all parts of the U.S. In most cases CMV causes mild symptoms, or no symptoms at all. But it can cause serious problems in an unborn baby or newborn.

• Equipment That Is Used in the NICU
NICUs are equipped with complex machines and devices to monitor nearly every system of a baby's body - temperature, heart rate, breathing, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and blood pressure.

• Eye Medicine and Vitamin K Injection for Newborns
Newborn babies routinely receive eye medicine and vitamin K injections soon after birth. Both prevent serious conditions.

• Fever in A Newborn
The system that controls body temperature is not well developed in a newborn. Here's what you need to know about fever and your baby.

• Gastrointestinal Problems
If your baby seems fussy and you've fed and changed him, he may have an upset stomach or colic. But don't worry, there are lots of things you can do to make your little one more comfortable and keep both of you calm.

• Hearing Screening Tests for Newborns
Today nearly all newborns are screened for hearing loss. Here's a look at why, and the types of screening tests that are done.

• Keeping Your Baby Warm
Premature and low birthweight babies may be too immature to regulate their own temperature, even in a warm environment. Even full-term and healthy newborns may not be able to maintain their body temperature if the environment is too cold.

• N95 Face Masks Can Be Sterilized and Re-Used, Studies Show

• Nasal Swab Could Help Gauge Smokers' Odds for Lung Cancer

• Natal Teeth
Natal teeth are teeth that are present when a baby is born. The teeth are often not fully developed and may have a weak root.

• National Project Will Delve Into How Dogs Age

• Nearly Half of U.S. Patients Keep Vital Secrets From Their Doctors

• Neck Masses
Detailed information on the different types of neck masses in children

• Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the Newborn
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious illness in newborns. It happens when tissue in the large intestine (colon) gets inflamed. This inflammation damages and sometimes kills the tissue in your baby’s colon.

• Needle Exchange Programs Guard Against HIV

• Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is what happens when babies are exposed to drugs in the womb before birth. Babies can then go through drug withdrawal after birth.

• Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
Nephrotic syndrome is a problem where too much protein called albumin is released from the body into the urine. It means that one or both kidneys are damaged.

• Nerve Stimulation May Help Curb Stroke Damage

• Nerve Stimulation Therapy Could Cut Fibromyalgia Pain

• Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor. It grows in nerve tissue of babies and young children. The cancer cells grow in young nerve cells of a baby growing in the womb. These cells are called neuroblasts. It’s is the most common cancer in babies under age 1. It’s rare in children older than age 10.

• Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children
Neurocutaneous syndromes are disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, organs, skin, and bones. The diseases are lifelong conditions that can cause tumors to grow in these areas. They can also cause other problems such as hearing loss, seizures, and developmental problems.

• Neurogenic Bladder in Children
Neurogenic bladder means the bladder doesn't work normally because of nerve damage. It causes a child to have problems with holding or releasing urine.

• Neurological Conditions and Pregnancy
Detailed information on neurologic conditions in pregnancy

• Neurological Disorders in the Newborn
Detailed information on the most common neurological disorders in the newborn

• Neurological Exam for Children
Is it time for your baby to have a full physical exam? Your pediatrician might want to conduct a “neuro exam.” Don’t worry, this series of tests designed to evaluate your child’s nervous system is painless. Here’s what it entails.

• Neuromuscular Disorders
Detailed information on the most common neuromuscular disorders in children

• New 'Cancer Vaccine' Attacks Tumors From Within

• New China Report Sets COVID-19 Death Rate at 1.4%

• New Clues Show How Stress May Turn Your Hair Gray

• New Database Shows 'Rare' Diseases Are Not So Rare Worldwide

• New DNA Blood Test May Help Guide Breast Cancer Treatment

• New Drug Combats Leading Cause of Dwarfism

• New Drug Helps Shrink Inoperable Tumors in Kids

• New Drug on the Horizon for Flu's Ills?

• New Evidence That Veggies Beat Steak for Heart Health

• New Finding Challenges Old Notions About Dyslexia

• New Gene Study Unravels Cancer's Secrets

• New Gene Variants for Type 2 Diabetes Found

• New Heart Attack Treatment Shows Promise in Pig Study

• New Hope Against a 'Dizzying' Form of Migraine

• New Moms Can Save a Life By Donating Cord Blood

• New Moms Need to Watch Out for High Blood Pressure

• New Prosthetic Leg Can Feel Touch, Reduce 'Phantom Limb' Pain

• New Role for Modern Family's Julie Bowen: Flu Fighter

• New Study Finds a Family Risk for Blood Cancer

• New Study Reports Alarming Surge in E-Scooter Accidents

• New Test Can Pinpoint Which Pancreatic Cysts Might Turn Cancerous

• New Theory Sheds Light on Leonardo da Vinci's Artistic Decline

• New Tool for Med Students: 'Fat Suit'

• New Tool Predicts Odds of Kidney Disease

• New Treatment Guideline Focuses on Tourette Syndrome

• New Treatment Offers Hope for Kids With Deadly Nerve Cancer

• New Treatments Could Be Powerful Weapons Against Brain Tumors

• New Weapon in Fight Against Multidrug-Resistant TB

• New Year's Resolutions Didn't Stick? Try a Monday Reset

• Newbies More Apt to Have Bad Reaction to Marijuana: Study

• Newborn Care
Detailed information on newborn care

• Newborn Complications
Detailed information on the most common types of newborn complications

• Newborn Health Assessment
Detailed information on newborn health assessments

• Newborn Measurements
Your newborn will be weighed in the hospital and at all check-ups. In most cases, metric units are used to record babies' weight. This chart will help you convert the metric unit grams (g) to pounds (lb) and ounces (oz).

• Newborn Multiples
Because many multiples are small and born early, they may be initially cared for in a special care nursery called the neonatal intensive care unit.

• Newborn Screening Tests
A national program exists to screen all newborns for certain disorders within the first few days of life.

• Newborn's 'Microbiome' Could Give Clues to Weight Later

• Newer Diabetes Drug Shows Promise in Kids, Teens

• Newer Drug Extends Lives of Young Breast Cancer Patients

• Newer Gene Sequencing Might Help Track Spread of Latest Coronavirus in China

• Newer Lung Cancer Screening Saves More Lives

• NFL Retirees Help Scientists Develop Early Test for Brain Condition CTE

• Nightmares and Night Terrors
A night terror is a partial waking from sleep with behaviors such as screaming, kicking, panic, sleep walking, thrashing, or mumbling.

• No Amount of Running Is Too Hard on Your Heart

• No Needle Prick: Laser-Based Test Hunts Stray Melanoma Cells in Blood

• No 'One-Size-Fits-All' Diet for Diabetics, Expert Panel Says

• No-Cook Summer Recipes Featuring Cool, Sweet Fruit

• Noninfectious Skin Conditions
Detailed information on non-infectious skin conditions, including dermatitis, acne, drug rashes, poison ivy/poison oak, and toxic epidermal necrolysis

• Nontraditional Inheritance
Detailed information on nontraditional inheritance, including uniparental disomy and Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome, trinucleotide repeats and Fragile-X Syndrome, and mitochondrial inheritance and Leber's Optic Atrophy

• Normal Growth
A child's growth not only involves the length and weight of his or her body, but also internal growth and development.

• Normal Newborn Behaviors and Activities
Detailed information on normal newborn behaviors and activities

• Nose and Throat Disorders
Detailed information on nose and throat disorders in children

• Nosebleed (Epistaxis) in Children
A nosebleed is bleeding from tissues inside the nose (nasal mucus membranes) caused by a broken blood vessel. Most nosebleeds in children occur in the front part of the nose close to the nostrils.

• Not All Heart Failure Patients Get Same Level of Care, Study Finds

• Not All Nature Is Created Equal

• Not All Sugars Are Created Equal

• Not Getting Enough Shut-Eye? You Have Plenty of Company

• Not Just Opioids: Deaths Tied to Cocaine, Meth Are Soaring, Too

• Number of Americans Headed to ER for Suicidal Thoughts, Self-Harm Keeps Rising

• Numerical Abnormalities: Overview of Trisomies and Monosomies
Information on numerical abnormalities, including an overview on trisomies and monosomies

• Nurse Practitioners Often Restricted From Prescribing Opioid Treatments

• Nursemaid’s Elbow in Children
Nursemaid's elbow is a type of elbow injury. It's when a forearm bone (radius) slips out of place from where it normally attaches to the elbow joint.

• Nursing Moms Who Eat Right Have Slimmer, Healthier Babies

• Nurturing Childhood Boosts Odds of a Happy Adult Life: Study

• Nutrition and Burns
A child who has been burned needs additional calories and protein to help him or her heal and grow.

• Nutrition and Nephrotic Syndrome
Here is information on nutrition and diet for children with nephrotic syndrome.

• Nutrition and Renal Failure
Detailed information on nutrition and renal failure in children

• Nutrition Index
Detailed nutrition information for mothers who are breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, and toddlers, preschool-aged children, school-aged children, and adolescents

• Nutritional Requirements for a Child With Cancer
Good nutrition is vital for children being treated for cancer, yet these young patients often have poor appetites.

• Overview of Diagnostic Tests for Nervous System Disorders in Children
Evaluating and diagnosing damage to the nervous system can be complicated. Many of the same symptoms occur in different combinations among the different disorders, and many disorders do not have definitive causes, markers, or tests.

• Parenting in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
In most cases, you can be with your baby in the NICU at any time. The staff of the NICU will give you instructions on special hand-washing techniques before entering the area.

• Physical Exam of the Newborn
A complete physical exam is an important part of newborn care. Each body system is carefully checked for signs of health and normal function.

• Preparing the Family
Most families soon find ways to adjust to the changes that take place after a baby is born. But it is helpful to prepare some family members for what is ahead.

• Sodium and Fluid Restriction for Children
Detailed information on controlling sodium and fluid in your child's diet

• Tests for a Newborn Baby in Intensive Care
Babies in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) undergo regular testing so they get the important care they need. Here are several common lab tests. Ask your baby's healthcare provider about them.

• Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in the Newborn
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding is a problem that occurs in some newborns. It happens during the first few days of life. This condition used to be called hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.