Health Library A to Z

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• Abrasions
An abrasion is a superficial rub or wearing off of the skin, usually caused by a scrape or a brush burn. Abrasions are usually minor injuries that can be treated at home.

• Acute Bronchitis in Children
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the large breathing tubes (bronchi) in the lungs. Short-term (acute) bronchitis means that the symptoms often develop quickly and don't last long.

• Alpha Thalassemia in Children
Alpha thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder. This means it is passed down through the parent’s genes. It causes anemia in affected children. Learn more about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

• Anemia in Children
Anemia is a common problem in children. A child who has anemia doesn't have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin. Read on to learn more about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

• Aplastic Anemia in Children
Aplastic anemia is a serious condition in which the bone marrow doesn’t make enough new blood cells. Read on for details about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

• Apnea of Prematurity
Apnea is a term that means breathing has stopped for more than 20 seconds. It can happen in full-term babies, but it is more common in premature babies. The more premature the baby, the greater the chances that apnea will occur.

• Arrhythmias in Children
An arrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of the heart. In an arrhythmia, abnormal electrical signals through the heart muscle may cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. Read on to learn more.

• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children
The atrial septum is the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atria). An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal hole in this wall. ASD is a heart problem that is present at birth (congenital). Read on for details about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

• B 8/11 -- U.S. Opioid Prescriptions Are Declining

• Bacterial Endocarditis in Children
Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart (endocardium), and the heart valves. It does not happen very often, but when it does, it can cause serious heart damage.

• Birthmarks
Detailed information on birthmarks and the different types, including vascular birthmarks, hemangiomas, and port-wine stains.

• Black Eye (Ecchymosis)
A black eye should be seen by a healthcare provider to make sure no injury has happened to the eye itself. Most black eyes heal completely and don't cause any damage.

• Blisters in Children
Detailed information on blisters, including cause, first aid, and treatment.

• Branchial Cleft Abnormalities in Children
A branchial cleft abnormality is a cluster of abnormally formed tissue in the neck. A branchial cleft abnormality is a birth defect. It happens when the area doesn't form as it should during the early stages of an embryo’s development.

• Bronchiolitis in Children
Bronchiolitis is an infection of the lungs. It's when your child has swelling in the smaller airways (bronchioles) of the lung. This swelling blocks air in the smaller airways.

• Brown Recluse and Black Widow Spider Bites in Children
Most spiders in the U.S. are poisonous. The fangs of most spiders are too short or too fragile to break through human skin. Or their poison (venom) is too weak to cause damage. Most spider bites cause only minor, local reactions. But bites from the black widow and the brown recluse spiders can cause serious problems. Read on to learn more.

• Bruises
A bruise is a collection of blood underneath the skin that is caused by injury to an area of the body. Sometimes enough bleeding occurs so that a lump also forms.

• Cardiac Catheterization for Children
Cardiac catheterization is a procedure in which a long, flexible tube (catheter) is put into a blood vessel. The doctor then guides the catheter into the heart to find and treat heart problems.

• Cat Scratch Disease in Children
Cat scratch disease is a bacterial infection carried in cat saliva. It is passed from a cat bite or scratch to a human. It can also result from a fleabite, but cats are the main source.

• Cataracts in Children
A cataract is a clouding over the lens of the eye. This area is normally clear (transparent). Some cataracts are small and don’t cause any trouble with vision. Others can cause visual problems in children. Cataracts are rare in children.

• Cellulitis of the Eye in Children
Cellulitis is a serious type of infection and inflammation. It can occur in various parts of the body. When it occurs in the eyelid and tissues in the front part of the eye area, it’s called preseptal cellulitis. When it occurs behind and around the eye in the eye socket (orbit), it’s called orbital cellulitis. Both of these conditions are serious.

• Cleft Lip and Palate in Children
Cleft lip and palate are openings or splits in the upper lip or roof of the mouth (palate). A child can be born with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both. Cleft lip and palate may be the only birth defects, or they may happen with other defects.

• Common Cold in Children
The common cold is one of the most common illnesses in children. Most children will have at least 6 to 8 colds a year.

• Dermoid Cyst in Children
A dermoid cyst is a collection of tissue under the skin. It may contain hair follicles, oil, and sweat glands.

• Diphtheria in Children
A detailed look at diphtheria, including symptoms, treatment, and a vaccination schedule.

• Disorders of Sex Development
When a child's gender is in question at birth, the child has atypical genitalia (ambiguous genitalia). This means that the genitals don't seem to be clearly male or female.

• Dysphagia in Children
Dysphagia means trouble swallowing. This condition happens when food or liquids can’t pass easily from your child’s mouth, into the throat, down the esophagus, and into the stomach when swallowing.

• Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Children
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a procedure to open the passages of the nose and sinuses. It is done to treat long-term (chronic) sinus infections. An ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) does the surgery.

• Epiglottitis in Children
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage at the base of the tongue at the very back of the throat. When the epiglottis becomes swollen and inflamed, it is called epiglottitis.

• Ewing Sarcoma in Children
Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of cancer. It’s most common in children and teens between ages 10 and 19. It usually grows in bone, but it can also grow in soft tissue that’s connected to the bone. Read on to learn about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

• Fire Safety and Burns Overview
Know the types of burns you can get and how to keep you and your family safe.

• Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Children
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is an illness caused by a virus. It causes a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It can also occur in the diaper area, and on the legs and arms.

• Heat-Related Illnesses (Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke)
Children and teens are at greater risk for heat-related illnesses for several reasons. They adjust more slowly to changes in air temperature. They also make more heat with activity and sweat less.

• Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a blood problem in newborns. It occurs when your baby's red blood cells break down at a fast rate.  It’s also called erythroblastosis fetalis.

• Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare condition that can lead to kidney failure. The syndrome harms the small structures and vessels inside the kidneys. HUS causes red blood cells to clog the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys. It may cause damage to the kidney tissues.

• Holter Monitoring for Children
Holter monitoring is a way to continuously check the electrical activity of the heart. Your child will wear a small device called a Holter monitor for at least 24 to 48 hours. The device constantly checks your child's heart during this time.

• Hydrocele in Children
A hydrocele is fluid buildup in the thin pouch that holds the testes in the scrotum. Up to 1 in 10 baby boys have a hydrocele at birth. In most cases, it goes away without treatment in the first year.

• Hypocalcemia in the Newborn
Hypocalcemia is when a person doesn't have enough calcium in the blood. In babies, it’s called neonatal hypocalcemia. Your baby can get it at different times and from different causes.

• Hypoglycemia in a Newborn Baby
Hypoglycemia is when the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is too low. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the brain and the body. In a newborn baby, low blood sugar can happen for many reasons. It can cause problems such as shakiness, blue color to the skin, and breathing and feeding problems. Read on to learn more.

• Hypoglycemia in Children
Hypoglycemia is when the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is too low. Hypoglycemia can be a condition by itself. Or it can be a complication of diabetes or other disorder. Read on to learn more.

• Impetigo in Children
Impetigo is a skin infection. When it affects just the surface, it’s called superficial impetigo. Impetigo can also affect deeper parts of the skin. This is called ecthyma. It may occur on healthy skin. Or it may occur where the skin was injured by a cut, scrape, or insect bite.

• Inguinal Hernia in Children
A hernia occurs when a part of the intestine pushes through a weakness in the belly (abdominal) muscles. A hernia in the groin area is called an inguinal hernia.

• Insect Stings and Allergic Reactions in Children
For most children, the reaction to a sting is brief, with redness and swelling followed by pain and itching. Others may have an allergic reaction that is life-threatening. Read on for details.

• Intussusception in Children
Intussusception is a serious problem in the intestine. It's the most common abdominal emergency in early childhood. Read on to learn more.

• Juvenile Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases
Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints that causes pain and swelling. Juvenile arthritis is the term used for arthritis in children. Read on to learn more.

• Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare disease that causes muscle inflammation and a skin rash.

• Lead Poisoning in Children
Lead poisoning is a totally preventable disease. Children ages 1 to 3 who live in low-income housing built before 1978 are especially at risk. Read on to learn more.

• Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease in Children
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (or Perthes disease) is a rare hip condition that affects children.

• Leukemia in Children
Leukemia is cancer of the blood. It’s the most common form of cancer in childhood. The cancer cells grow in bone marrow and go into the blood.

• Lung Transplantation in Children
A detailed look at lung transplantation in children, including why it is advised, information about the surgery, and the long-term outlook for a child after a lung transplant.

• Lymphatic Malformations in Children
A lymphatic malformation is a lymphatic vessel that isn't formed correctly. The vessel traps the lymph fluid and causes cysts to form. Your child may have 1 or more of these cysts.

• Meckel Diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a small pouch in the wall of the intestine. It’s near where the small and large intestines meet. This condition is the most common birth defect of the digestive system. It happens to about 1 in 50 babies.

• Micropenis in Children
A micropenis is a penis that is smaller than normal. A penis length of less than 0.75 inches is considered micropenis.

• Mushroom Poisoning in Children
Mushroom poisoning happens when a child eats a mushroom that has poisons (toxins). Here's what you need to know, from symptoms to diagnosis and treatment.

• Natal Teeth
Natal teeth are teeth that are present when a baby is born. The teeth are often not fully developed and may have a weak root.

• Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the Newborn
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious illness in newborns. It happens when tissue in the large intestine (colon) gets inflamed. This inflammation damages and sometimes kills the tissue in your baby’s colon.

• Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is what happens when babies are exposed to drugs in the uterus before birth. Babies can then go through drug withdrawal after birth.

• Newborn Reflexes
Ever wonder why your baby flings his arms out sideways when startled? This reaction-- called the Moro reflex--is one of many natural reflexes your newborn should exhibit. Read on to learn about common newborn reflexes and what they mean.

• Newborn Screening Tests
A national program exists to screen all newborns for certain disorders in the first few days of life.

• Normal Breast Development
Breast development occurs in distinct stages, first before birth, and again at puberty and during the childbearing years. Changes also occur to the breasts during menstruation and when a woman reaches menopause.

• Normal Vision
To understand how certain problems can affect your child's vision, it’s important to know how normal vision happens.

• Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma) in Children
Osteosarcoma is cancer of the bone. It is rare, but it is the most common type of bone cancer in children and teens. Learn more about risks, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

• Overuse Injuries
Detailed information on overuse injuries in children, including jumper's knee, patellar tendonitis, little leaguers' elbow or shoulder, and more.

• Overview of Kidney Disorders in Children
Kidney disorders can show up on fetal ultrasound before birth. Or a healthcare provider may diagnose them after a urinary tract infection.

• Persistent Depressive Disorder in Children
Persistent depressive disorder is a type of depression. A child with this disorder has a low, sad, or irritable mood for at least 1 year.

• Pilomatrixoma in Children
A pilomatrixoma is a slow-growing, hard lump found under the skin. It is most common on the face and neck, but it may be on other parts of the body. Read on to learn more.

• Pityriasis Rosea in Children
Pityriasis rosea is a mild, common rash. Read on to learn more about diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment.

• Pneumothorax in Children
A pneumothorax is an air leak in the lungs. It's when air from the lungs leaks into the chest area.

• Polycystic Kidney Disease
Detailed information on the different types of polycystic kidney disease.

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Children
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health problem. A child with PTSD has constant, scary thoughts and memories of a past event. The child finds the event terrifying, either physically or emotionally.

• Prescription Drug Addiction
Three kinds of prescription medicines are potentially addictive: opioids, tranquilizers, and stimulants. Here's what you should know.

• Pulmonary Atresia
Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a heart defect. It happens when the fetal heart doesn’t form as it should during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy.

• Puncture Wounds in Children
A puncture wound is a deep wound made by a sharp object. This type of wound may become infected easily because dirt and germs are carried deep into the tissues.

• Pyloric Stenosis
Pyloric stenosis is a problem that causes forceful vomiting. It affects babies from birth to 6 months of age. It can lead to dehydration. This condition is the second most common reason why newborns have surgery.

• Refractive Errors in Children
The most common refractive errors in children are nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Children
RSV is a viral illness that causes symptoms such as trouble breathing. It’s the most common cause of inflammation of the small airways in the lungs (bronchiolitis) and pneumonia in babies.

• School Refusal
There are many reasons why a child would feel anxious and not want to go to school. Read on to learn more about school refusal.

• Scoliosis in Children
Scoliosis is a deformity of the backbone (spine). It's when the spine has a side-to-side curve. The curve of the spine measures 10 degrees or more.

• Second-Degree Burn in Children
A burn is damage to tissues of the body caused by contact with things such as heat, radiation, or chemicals. A second-degree burn affects the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and part of the inner layer of skin (dermis).

• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Children
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral illness. It is very contagious and can spread quickly. It can cause mild illness, severe illness, or death.

• Sickle Cell Disease in Children
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that is present at birth. Children with SCD make an abnormal type of hemoglobin. This is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to all parts of the body.

• Signs of Problems in Speech, Language, and Hearing Development:
Detailed information on speech, language, and hearing problems during development

• Stomach and Duodenal Ulcers in Children
Read on for details about stomach and duodenal ulcers in children. Learn about causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

• Swimmer’s Ear in Children
Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa) is an inflammation of the external ear canal. Swimmer’s ear is caused by bacteria or fungi. Water that stays in the ear canal during swimming, for instance, may let bacteria and fungi grow.

• Teething
A baby's first tooth often appears between 5 and 7 months of age. Some babies get their first tooth a little earlier and others a little later. Here's what you need to know.

• Testicular Torsion in Children
Testicular torsion is a painful twisting of the testicles and spermatic cord. Torsion causes blood to not flow to the testicles. This can damage them. Treatment needs to be done right away to prevent long-lasting (permanent) injury to the testicles.

• The Immune System
Detailed information on the immune system and how it works.

• Thrombocytopenia in the Newborn
Thrombocytopenia means that a newborn baby has too few platelets in their blood. Platelets are blood cells that help the blood clot. They are made in the bone marrow.

• Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in Children
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a pocket in the front part of neck that is filled with fluid. A child is born with this cyst.

• Tinea Versicolor in Children
Tinea versicolor is a fungal skin infection. It’s caused by yeast on the skin. It occurs most often in teens and young adults. But it can happen at any time.

• Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Children
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening skin disorder. It causes skin blistering and peeling. Read on to learn more about this condition.

• Tricuspid Atresia
Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a heart defect present at birth (congenital). It occurs when the tricuspid valve doesn’t form right during fetal heart development. This happens during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. Read on to learn details about this condition.

• Truncus Arteriosus (TA)
Truncus arteriosus is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital). It occurs when there is an abnormal connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Normally, the aorta and the pulmonary artery are separate. Read on to learn more.

• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children
Diabetes is a condition in which the body can't make enough insulin, or can't use insulin normally. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder. The body's immune system damages the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Insulin is a hormone. It helps sugar (glucose) in the blood get into cells of the body to be used as fuel. When glucose can’t enter the cells, it builds up in the blood. This is called high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

• Type 2 Diabetes in Children
Diabetes is a condition in which the body can't make enough insulin, or can't use insulin normally. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder. Insulin is a hormone. It helps sugar (glucose) in the blood get into cells of the body to be used as fuel. When glucose can’t enter the cells, it builds up in the blood. This is called high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). High blood sugar can cause problems all over the body.

• U.K. Is First Country to Approve Moderna's Omicron-Targeted COVID Vaccine

• U.K. School Studies Find No Benefit of Mindfulness for Kids' Mental Health

• U.K. Variant Won't Trigger More Severe COVID, Studies Find

• U.S. Adolescents Are Getting Less Sex Education Now Than 25 Years Ago

• U.S. Adolescents' Daily Screen Time Doubled During Pandemic

• U.S. Air Quality Got Better During Pandemic: Study

• U.S. Airplane, Train and Transit Mask Mandates Extended to April 18

• U.S. Appeals Panel Backs New York City's Vaccine Mandate for School Staff

• U.S. Army COVID-19 Vaccination Rate Nears 98%

• U.S. Army Reports Progress on COVID Vaccine That Fights All Variants

• U.S. Baby Formula Shortage Worsens

• U.S. Birth Rates Continue to Fall

• U.S. Births Rose in 2021 for First Time in 7 Years

• U.S. Blood Supply Is Safe From Coronavirus, Study Finds

• U.S. Breaks Another Daily Record for New Cases, With More Than 75,000 Infections

• U.S. Breast Cancer Death Rates Continue to Fall

• U.S. Cancer Screening Rates Back to Normal After Pandemic Dip

• U.S. Cancer Survivors Now Number 18 Million

• U.S. Child Deaths From Fentanyl Jumped 30-Fold in Just 8 Years

• U.S. Coronavirus Deaths Top a Quarter Million

• U.S. Coronavirus Hospitalizations Spiking in South, West

• U.S. Could Face Surging Numbers of Teens With Diabetes

• U.S. COVID Cases Fell 60% Since September, But Vigilance Still Needed: Health Officials

• U.S. COVID Death Toll Hits 300,000 as Vaccine Rollout Begins

• U.S. COVID Death Toll Passes 500,000

• U.S. COVID Hospitalizations Pass Last Winter's Peak

• U.S. COVID Hospitalizations Reach Record High as California Hospitals Run Out of Oxygen

• U.S. COVID Hospitalizations Rise for Fourth Straight Week

• U.S. COVID Infections, Deaths Drop to Levels Not Seen Since Last Summer

• U.S. COVID Outlook Shows Big Improvement by July

• U.S. COVID Vaccination Rates Climb in August

• U.S. COVID Vaccine Rollout Saved 279,000 Lives: Study

• U.S. COVID-19 Cases Now Top 40 Million

• U.S. COVID-19 Death Toll Passes 800,000

• U.S. Deaths Drop in 2022, But Still Higher Than Pre-Pandemic Levels

• U.S. Deaths Due to Fentanyl Nearly Quadrupled in 5 Years

• U.S. Deaths From Cancer Continue to Decline

• U.S. Deaths Involving Meth Are Skyrocketing, Fentanyl a Big Factor

• U.S. Declares Monkeypox a Public Health Emergency

• U.S. Doctors Already Face Big Hurdles Accessing Abortion Pill

• U.S. Doctors on the Frontlines of Hepatitis Outbreak Striking Kids

• U.S. Drug Overdose Deaths Jumped Nearly 30% During Pandemic

• U.S. Drug Overdose Deaths Reach Record Highs

• U.S. Effort to Fight HIV Worldwide Has Brought Lifesaving Treatment to Millions

• U.S. Fatal Drug ODs Rose Again in 2021, But Increase Is Slowing

• U.S. Fireworks Injuries Are on the Rise

• U.S. Flu Vaccinations Hit New Record High This Season

• U.S. Gender-Affirming Surgeries Nearly Tripled in 3 Years

• U.S. Government Extends Baby Formula Waivers, Rebates for WIC Families

• U.S. Gun Deaths Reach Highest Level in Decades

• U.S. Gun Deaths Reach New Highs

• U.S. Gun Violence Rates Jumped 30% During Pandemic

• U.S. Health Officials Urge Indoor Masking in Major Cities as 'Tripledemic' Rages

• U.S. Heart Deaths Linked to Obesity Have Tripled in 20 Years

• U.S. Heart Disease Death Rates Have Fallen Sharply in Past 30 Years

• U.S. Hispanics at High Heart Disease Risk and Many Go Untreated: Report

• U.S. Home Births Reach Highest Level in Three Decades

• U.S. Hospitals Are Getting Safer for Patients, Study Finds

• U.S. Hospitals Under Strain as ER Wait Times Lengthen

• U.S. HPV Vaccination Rates Rising, Even Among Boys

• U.S. Immigrants' Premiums, Taxes Exceed Health Care Expenditures: Study

• U.S. Insurers Must Cover 8 COVID At-Home Tests a Month: White House

• U.S. Issues Toughest Travel Alert for Britain As COVID Cases There Climb

• U.S. Kidney Transplant Outcomes Are Improving

• U.S. Kids Are Eating More 'Ultraprocessed' Foods

• U.S. Kids’ HPV Vaccination Rate Has Stalled

• U.S. Leads in Health Care Spending, But Is Last for Health Outcomes Among Rich Nations

• U.S. Leads Wealthy Nations in Pregnancy-Related Deaths

• U.S. Life Expectancy Drops for 2nd Year in a Row

• U.S. Livestock, Pet Industries Pose Disease Threat to People

• U.S. Mails Out Some COVID Tests That are About to Expire

• U.S. Making It Easier to Access COVID Treatment Paxlovid

• U.S. Marines Study Finds Getting COVID Won't Protect Young People From Reinfection

• U.S. Maternal Deaths Spiked Upwards During Pandemic

• U.S. Maternal Mortality Rates Have More Than Doubled in Two Decades

• U.S. May Soon See Sharp Drop in Omicron Cases, Experts Say

• U.S. Medical Schools' Faculty Still Lack Diversity: Study

• U.S. Meth Overdose Deaths Tripled in Recent Years

• U.S. Moms-to-Be Are Much Less Healthy Now

• U.S. Monkeypox Cases Are Declining

• U.S. Monkeypox Cases Decline, But Health Officials Worry About Reaching Minorities

• U.S. Monkeypox Cases Now at 21, Two Strains Identified

• U.S. Murder Rate Up 30% During Pandemic, Highest One-Year Rise Ever

• U.S. National Park Service Issues Mask Mandate

• U.S. Negotiating With Pfizer for More COVID Vaccine Doses

• U.S. Nursing Home Deaths Reach Lowest Levels Reported Since Pandemic Began

• U.S. Nursing Home Deaths Rise as Delta Spreads

• U.S. Nursing Homes Are Understaffed, But Minority Communities Have It Worst

• U.S. Opens Baby Formula Market to Foreign Suppliers

• U.S. Orders 105 Million More Pfizer Shots for Fall Booster Campaign

• U.S. Parents Face Big Disparities in Access to Autism Care Services

• U.S. Pedestrian Deaths Keep Rising

• U.S. Pedestrian Deaths Rose in 2020, Even Though Driving Declined

• U.S. Pedestrians Dying at Highest Rate in 40 Years

• U.S. Pediatricians, Psychiatrists Declare 'Emergency' in Child Mental Health

• U.S. Pregnancy Deaths Drop Following Spike During Pandemic

• U.S. Premature Births Hit Highs Not Seen in 15 Years

• U.S. Prison Inmates Aren't Getting Medical Care They Need: Report

• U.S. Prisoners Face Higher Odds of Dying From Cancer

• U.S. Proposes to Make COVID Shot Annual, Much Like Flu Shot

• U.S. Psychologists See Big Spike in Demand for Mental Health Care

• U.S. Rate for a Dangerous Pregnancy Complication Doubled in 12 Years

• U.S. Reopens Borders to Vaccinated Foreign Travelers

• U.S. Resumes Free COVID Test Program

• U.S. Roadway Deaths Marked Small Decline in 2022

• U.S. Rollout of Pfizer COVID Vaccine Begins

• U.S. Schools Can Reopen, With Safeguards in Place: CDC

• U.S. Sees Big Spike in COVID Vaccinations

• U.S. Sees Decline in Sepsis Deaths, But Some Americans More Vulnerable

• U.S. Seniors Are Getting Fewer Abdominal Surgeries

• U.S. Set to Send Millions of COVID Vaccines to Countries in Need

• U.S. Smoking Rate Hits All-Time Low

• U.S. Smoking, Vaping Rates Fell in First Year of Pandemic: CDC

• U.S. Spends More on Cancer Than Any Other Country. Why Are Survival Rates Low?

• U.S. States With Tighter Access to Welfare Payments Have More Kids in Foster Care

• U.S. STD Cases Spiked During Pandemic

• U.S. Study Finds COVID-19 Seldom Severe in Kids

• U.S. Study Takes a Closer Look at Mass Shootings

• U.S. Suicide Rates Began to Rise Again in 2021

• U.S. Suicide Rates Rose in 2021, Reversing 2 Years of Decline

• U.S. Supreme Court Keeps Abortion Pill Widely Available While Appeal Continues

• U.S. Supreme Court Strikes Down Challenge to Affordable Care Act

• U.S. Surgeon General Backs Local Mask Mandates When Needed

• U.S. Surgeon General Warns That Social Media Can Harm Teens' Mental Health

• U.S. Surgeons' Group Is Working to Save Trauma Victims in Ukraine

• U.S. Surgery Rates Rebounded Quickly After Pandemic Shutdowns

• U.S. Teachers Often Faced Harassment, Violence During Pandemic: Poll

• U.S. Teen Birth Rate Hits Another Historic Low

• U.S. Teen Vaping Rates Are Leveling Off But Still High

• U.S. Teens Were Already in Mental Health Crisis Before Pandemic Hit

• U.S. to Be Removed From E.U. Safe Travel List

• U.S. to Buy $1 Billion Worth of Rapid COVID Tests

• U.S. to Buy 500 Million More COVID Vaccine Doses for Global Donation

• U.S. to End Mpox Public Health Emergency in January

• U.S. to Fund Study on Safe Drug Injection Sites for Overdose Prevention

• U.S. to Lift Travel Restrictions for Southern African Countries

• U.S. to Pump $400 Million Into Vaccination Programs for Other Countries

• U.S. to Release Flu Meds From National Stockpile to Ease Shortages

• U.S. to Require Negative COVID Test For Chinese Visitor Entry

• U.S. to Screen Travelers From Uganda for Ebola Amid Outbreak in That Country

• U.S. to Spend $3.2 Billion to Help Develop Antiviral Pills for COVID

• U.S. to Stick With International Travel Restrictions

• U.S. To Test Vaccines in Poultry as Way to Curb Bird Flu Outbreak

• U.S. to Tighten Control of PFAS Chemicals in Drinking Water

• U.S. Tourists in Northern Mexico Are Buying Counterfeit Pills Containing Fentanyl

• U.S. Travelers Warned About Counterfeit Pills Containing Fentanyl in Mexico Pharmacies

• U.S. Tuberculosis Cases Rose in 2022: CDC

• U.S. Wastewater Tests Spot Highly Mutated Variant of COVID-19

• U.S. Wildfires: Much Bigger, More Frequent Now

• U.S. Will Lift Restrictions on Fully Vaccinated International Travelers in November

• U.S. Will Spend $266 Million to Bolster Public Health Programs

• U.S. Women More Likely to Skip Meds Than Men, Study Finds

• U.S.-Russia Nuclear War Could Leave 5 Billion Dead Due to Famine

• U.S.-Wide Abortion Ban Could Cause Big Uptick in Deaths to Moms

• Ukraine: The War on Cancer, Fought in a War Zone

• Ulcerative Colitis in Children
Detailed information about ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

• Ultrafast CT Scan for Children
An ultrafast computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to look at your child’s heart. It gives the healthcare provider many details about your child’s heart that other imaging tests can’t.

• Ultra-Low Dose of Rituximab Safely Eases Rheumatoid Arthritis Over Long Term: Study

• Ultra-Processed Foods Are Ultra-Bad for Your Heart

• Ultra-Processed Foods Might Help Drive Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Ultrasound Breaches Blood-Brain Barrier, Helping Drugs Fight Tumors

• Ultrasound Good Diagnostic Tool After Breast  Symptoms

• Umbilical Cord Care
In a few weeks, your baby will have the cutest little belly button. But right now the healing remains of his umbilical cord need special care. Here's how to make sure the cord remainder stays infection-free.

• Umbilical Cords Could Be Lifesavers for Fragile Newborns

• Uncovering Hidden Consciousness in Comatose Brains

• Under 45 With Prediabetes? Your Heart Attack Risk Is Rising

• Under 50 and Had a Heart Attack? Quit Smoking, and You'll Live Longer

• Underarm Lump After COVID Shot Is Likely Lymph Swelling, Not Breast Cancer, Experts Say

• Understanding Cocaine and Crack
Cocaine use ranges from once in a while to nonstop. There is no safe way to use the drug.

• Understanding Eating Disorders
At least 8 million people in the U.S. are living with an eating disorder. Read on for a helpful overview of the three main types of eating disorders.

• Understanding How COVID Can Trigger Loss of Smell

• Understanding the Teen Brain
Parents need to realize the rational part of a teen's brain isn't fully developed and won't be until he or she is 25 years old or so.

• Understanding Your Child's Lymphatic System
Detailed information on the lymphatic system.

• Understanding Your Cholesterol Numbers

• Underwear That Guards Against STDs During Oral Sex? FDA Says Yes

• Undescended Testes in Children
Undescended testes is when one or both of the male testes have not passed down into the scrotal sac. This is a condition seen in some newborn baby boys.

• Undiagnosed Endometriosis Can Harm Fertility

• Unexplained Drop in Resting Heart Rate in Youth 'Not a Good Thing'

• Unhappy Marriages Could Mean Shorter Lives for Men

• Uniparental Disomy: Prader-Willi Syndrome, Angelman Syndrome
Detailed information on uniparental disomy.

• Unlike Humans, No Bone Loss for Gorillas as They Age

• Unpaid Time Off Work Rose 50% During Pandemic

• Unraveling the Link Between Menstrual Cycles and Migraine

• Unseen Factors Help Us Find Lost Objects Faster: Study

• Unsung Heroes of the Pandemic: Dogs

• Untreated High Blood Pressure a Growing Problem Among Americans

• Unvaccinated and Having Heart Trouble? That Can Be Deadly When COVID Strikes

• Unvaccinated Kids Were Twice as Likely to End up in Hospital During Omicron Surge

• Unvaccinated People With Heart Failure Face Triple the Odds of Fatal COVID

• Unvaccinated Should Not Travel This Labor Day Weekend: CDC

• Unwrap the Gift of Toy Safety
Your challenge is to find toys that your children will enjoy and that you know are safe.

• Up to 4 Million Americans Out of Work With Long COVID

• Up to 50,000 U.S. Kids May Be Hospitalized With COVID-19 by Year's End

• Up to 60% of Teens in Some U.S. Schools Used E-Cigs: Study

• Up Your Skin Care Routine During Hot Summer Months

• Updated Booster Shots, Not Original COVID Vaccines, Should Be Standard: FDA Panel

• Updated COVID Vaccines Will Roll Out Mid-September, Officials Say

• Updated Infant Sleep Guidelines: No Inclined Products, Bed-Sharing

• Upper Back Pain: Causes and How to Treat It

• Upper Respiratory Disorders
Detailed information on the most common types of upper respiratory infections, including common cold, influenza, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and sinusitis

• Upping Fruit, Veggies, Grain Intake Can Cut Your Diabetes Risk by 25%

• Urban Air Pollution Drives Millions of Cases of Asthma in Kids

• Ureterocele and Ureteral Duplication in Children
A ureterocele is when part of a ureter right near the bladder becomes larger and bulges. This happens because the ureter's opening into the bladder is too small and blocks urine flow.

• Urgent Care or the ER? Which Should You Choose?

• Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) in Children
When wetting happens in a child who is old enough to control their bladder, it’s known as enuresis. Here's what you need to know.

• Urinary Incontinence Can Affect a Woman's Mental Health

• Urinary Incontinence Surgery Won't Raise a Woman's Cancer Risk

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is inflammation of part of the system that takes urine out of the body. It's caused by bacteria.

• Urticaria (Hives) in Children
Hives is a sudden outbreak of red, itchy, and swollen areas on the skin. It often happens as an allergic reaction from eating certain foods or taking certain medicines. Here's what you should know.

• US to Allow Medicaid to Pay for Drug Treatment in Prisons

• US to Send 500 Million COVID Vaccine Doses to Countries Desperate for Shots

• US to Send Out 800,000 Doses of Monkeypox Vaccine

• USDA Cracks Down on Salmonella in Breaded Stuffed Raw Chicken Products

• USDA Gets Tough on Salmonella in Breaded Chicken Products

• Use Facebook a Lot? You're More Likely to Be Unvaccinated

• Use of Frozen Embryos Tied to Higher Odds for Dangerous Complication of Pregnancy

• Use of Hair Straighteners Tied to Doubling of Risk for Uterine Cancer

• Use of Pot, Hallucinogens Soaring Among Young Americans

• Use of Ritalin, Other Stimulants Can Raise Heart Risks for Older Adults

• Use Pot? You May Need More Sedation During Endoscopies

• Used After Opioid Overdose, Anti-Addiction Drug Can Cut Odds for Fatal OD

• Used Early, Drug Might Delay MS Symptom Onset

• Used to Gauge COVID Severity, Pulse Oximeters Can Be Inaccurate on Darker Skin

• Using a CBD Product? Be Sure to Tell Your Doctor

• Using a Hair Removal Gel or Cream? Here's How to Do It Safely

• Using an Online Pharmacy to Buy Meds? It's Buyer Beware, FDA Says

• Using Devices as Babysitters Can Backfire on Parents

• Using 'Grey's Anatomy' to Warn Teens Away From Vaping

• Using Meds to Manage Your Arthritis Pain: An Overview

• Using Only 'Brain Recordings' From Patients, Scientists Reconstruct a Pink Floyd Song

• Using Pot May Impede Female Athletes' Performance

• USPS Cuts Could Pose Harm If Mail-Order Meds Delayed: Study

• Utah Becomes First State to Ban Transgender Health Care for Minors

• Uterine Cancer Rates Have Been Rising, and New Study Suggests Why

• Vaginitis in Teens
Vaginitis is any inflammation or infection of the vagina. It is a common problem in girls and women of all ages.

• Vaping and E-Cigarettes
Major health concerns have been raised about e-cigarettes. Here's what you need to know.

• Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in Children
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine in the bladder flows in the wrong direction. It goes up into the tubes (ureters) that lead to the kidneys.

• Whooping Cough (Pertussis) in Children
Whooping cough (pertussis) is a contagious illness. It causes intense fits (paroxysms) of coughing. It mainly affects babies and young children.

• Why Children Bite
A young child may bite out of frustration or when under stress. Biting may also be an attempt to gain power, or just a way of exploring the world. Read on to learn how to respond if your child bites, no matter what the cause.

• Your 2-Year-Old Child
The "terrible twos" phase of a child's life also can be the "terrific twos." Read on to learn more about how to deal with your 2-year-old child.