U.S. Study Finds COVID-19 Seldom Severe in Kids
TUESDAY, April 7, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Mirroring findings from a similar study in China, the first comprehensive tally of coronavirus infection in American children shows it's much less likely to cause severe illness.
Children under the age of 18 are far less likely to even be diagnosed with COVID-19 than adults. Although people under the age of 18 make up 22% of the U.S. population, they made up just 1.7% of cases recorded between Feb. 12 and April 2, the new study found.
Even if kids were made ill by the new coronavirus, that illness was typically mild, said a team led by Lucy McNamara, of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's COVID-19 Response Team.
Just under 6% of kids with COVID-19 ended up in the hospital, the study found, compared to 10% of adults aged 18 to 64.
And while every pediatric death is a tragedy, only three of the 2,572 children with COVID-19 covered by the study died, the team reported.
Even the usual symptoms of COVID-19 appear less frequently in kids, McNamara's team noted.
"Relatively few children with COVID-19 are hospitalized, and fewer children than adults experienced fever, cough or shortness of breath," the CDC group found.
When cases among kids are severe, most often the child has an underlying medical condition, such as asthma, heart ailments or suppressed immune systems (for example, due to cancer therapies), the study authors noted.
Among nearly 300 cases where data on the child's other medical history was available, "28 of 37 (77%) hospitalized patients, including all six patients admitted to an ICU, had one or more underlying medical conditions," the CDC team reported.
The findings are consistent with a prior study of pediatric COVID-19 cases in China, where the pandemic began, the researchers said.
Dr. Lorry Rubin directs pediatric infectious disease at Cohen Children's Medical Center in New Hyde Park, N.Y. Reading over the CDC report, he agreed that "the likelihood of a child getting seriously ill with COVID-19 is much lower than in adults."
When serious illness does occur, it's usually linked to another chronic health condition, Rubin explained. Very rarely, an otherwise healthy child may become severely ill with COVID-19 -- in these cases it may be "related to a more robust [excessive] inflammatory response to the virus than other children, to which the children are genetically predisposed," he theorized.
Another expert noted that many more children are probably infected with coronavirus than is realized.
"I want to emphasize that there is an enormous amount of kids probably getting this disease that are asymptomatic with very mild symptoms," said Dr. Eric Cioe Pena, director of global health at Northwell Health, in New Hyde Park, N.Y. "Certainly there isn't a very high risk of mortality in this age group, and I want to reassure people of that," he said.
While rare and very tragic deaths do occur, "kids are mostly protected from this," he said, "and that's really the lesson we learned."
But McNamara's team stressed that even if that is so, social distancing, hand-washing and other preventive measures must extend to children as well, because they can unwittingly pass on the virus to their more vulnerable elders.
Doing so will "protect the health care system from being overloaded, and protect older adults and persons of any age," the CDC team wrote.
The new report was published April 6 in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
More information
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on the new coronavirus.
SOURCES: Lorry Rubin M.D., director, pediatric infectious diseases, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, N.Y.; Eric Cioe Pena, M.D., director, global health, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, N.Y.; April 6, 2020, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Reviewed Date: --
