By Dr. Andria Tatem, Pediatric Partners of Hampton Roads
Sunburn is caused by ultraviolet radiation. UV radiation also increases the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging. The best way to protect your family from UV rays and sunburn is to reduce sun exposure and use plenty of sunscreen. While UV rays are present year-round, children tend to spend more time outside during the summer and are more likely to get sunburned during those months.
Check the UV forecast
When you check the daily forecast, look at the projected UV ray levels throughout the day. UV rays tend to be highest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Plan family activities for morning, late afternoon, and evening to avoid the strongest UV rays from the sun.
There are three types of UV radiation: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC is completely absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere, but UVA and UVB rays reach the surface and can affect your health.
Minimize sun exposure
Your first line of defense against the sun is to avoid exposure. Babies younger than 6 months should be kept out of direct sunlight.
- Make sure to wear sunglasses that have at least 99% UV protection. Toy sunglasses may not be rated for sun protection.
- Hats with wide brims can help provide additional coverage to the top of the head, ears, and neck.
- Choose fabrics, such as cotton or linen, that will keep you cool and covered from the sun.
- Find shade under trees, umbrella, or buildings when possible. Take breaks inside to keep kids cool and get out of the sun.
- Use a canopy on your baby’s stroller or carrier for additional shade.
Use sunscreen correctly
When navigating the sunscreen aisle, there are a few things you should keep in mind to find the best option for your child. Look for broad-spectrum sunscreen, which protects the skin from both UVA and UVB rays, with an SPF (sun protection factor) of 15 or higher.
- Wear sunscreen even if it’s cloudy. Clouds don’t fully block UV rays, so protection is still needed.
- Apply sunscreen 15 minutes before going outside so it has time to dry and absorb into the skin, especially if your family is heading to the pool or beach. If you apply early, the kids won’t have to wait for their sunscreen to dry before going in the water.
- Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours and after getting wet or toweling off. Your sunscreen may be water resistant, but using a towel will wipe it right off. You can set a timer to remind your family when it’s time to reapply.
- Avoid using sunscreen on babies younger than 6 months. It’s best to keep children this young out of the sun by staying in the shade, using umbrellas and wearing hats and protective clothing. If necessary, apply only to small, exposed areas of the body, such as the face.
- If the sunscreen irritates their skin, try a different brand or sunscreen with titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.
- Check expiration dates on sunscreen bottles. Throw out old sunscreen if it’s expired or has turned watery.
- Set a good example for your kids by wearing your own sunscreen.
