A heat index of 90 degrees or higher, especially with high humidity, can pose serious health risks for children. Make sure to pay attention to the weather forecast in your area, especially during the summer months. Help protect your children by following these tips to prevent heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
To prevent heat-related illnesses:
- Enjoy outdoor activities during the coolest parts of the day or evening. Stay in shady areas as much as possible. Encourage your child to take indoor breaks when playing outside.
- Stay cool in an air-conditioned place as much as possible during the hottest part of the day. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to a shopping mall or public library.
- Teach your child to drink plenty of fluids before and during any activity in the heat – even if they’re not thirsty. Avoid sugary drinks.
- Make sure your child wears light-colored, loose clothing when playing outside.
- Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen of at least 15 to your child before heading outdoors. Sunburn affects the body’s ability to cool down and can cause children to become dehydrated.
- Never leave infants or children in a parked car, even if the windows are open. Children left unattended in parked cars are at greatest risk for heat stroke, and possibly death.
Understanding the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body overheats. Dehydration from sweating and not staying hydrated can contribute to the risk of heat exhaustion. Left untreated, heat exhaustion can quickly progress to heat stroke – a type of heat illness that can be fatal.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion include:
- Dizziness or fainting.
- Heavy sweating.
- Fast or weak pulse.
- Fatigue or weakness.
- Muscle cramps.
- Cold, pale, or clammy skin.
If your child is showing signs of heat exhaustion, take them to a cool place to rest, give them sips of water, and loosen or remove excess clothing. Using a fan or placing a cold, damp cloth on the skin may help. If symptoms worsen or continue after one hour, seek medical attention.
Symptoms of heat stroke include:
- Severe headache.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Fast, strong pulse.
- Confusion.
- Passing out.
- Weakness or dizziness.
- Flushed, hot, dry skin.
- Body temperature of 103.1 degrees or higher.
If your child is showing symptoms of heat stroke, seek emergency medical help immediately. As you wait for help to arrive, bring your child to a cool place. You can help lower your child’s temperature with cool, wet cloths or a cool bath.
